Coordination and Collaboration in Peace Operations: Assessing Canada's Integrated Approach in Afghanistan November 12-13, 2008 Liu Institute, Trudeau Foundation, Rights & Democracy and Foreign Affairs Canada In all but the earliest stages of the war that began in 2001, Canadian involvement in Afghanistan has included a mix of military, political, and development assistance. Combined, these efforts represent the first Canadian test for a new integrated approach to foreign policy in conflict regions: 3D (Diplomacy, Defence, and Development), 'Whole-of Government,' or Integrated Peace Operations.  Please click here to continue reading.